What is the term for a person or business that sues another?

The term for a person or business that initiates a lawsuit is the plaintiff. The plaintiff is the party that brings a complaint before a court, seeking legal relief or remedy from the defendant, who is the individual or entity being sued. This legal terminology is essential for understanding the roles within a lawsuit; the plaintiff has the burden to prove their case against the defendant, who has the opportunity to respond and defend themselves.

The plaintiff's role is central to the legal process, as they are the ones alleging harm or seeking damages, whether in a civil or criminal context. This distinction is widely recognized in legal systems, particularly in common law jurisdictions, helping to frame the interactions and responsibilities during legal proceedings.

In contrast, the defendant refers to the party being accused, while the victim typically describes someone who has suffered harm but may not necessarily be involved in the legal proceedings. The accused generally pertains to individuals facing criminal charges, which further differentiates their status from that of a plaintiff in a lawsuit. Understanding these terms is vital for anyone engaging with the legal system, whether in a practical or academic context.