When can an organization disclose personal information without knowledge or consent?

The correct understanding of when an organization can disclose personal information without the knowledge or consent of the individual primarily hinges on legal obligations. When organizations are under a legal obligation to share personal information, they may do so without requiring the individual's consent. This scenario often arises in situations where law enforcement requests information for investigations or when there are statutory requirements to report certain types of information, such as instances of abuse or threats to safety.

This ability to disclose information is guided by laws and regulations that prioritize certain legal protections and societal interests over individual consent. For instance, if there is a court order or subpoena, the organization must comply with these legal mandates, ensuring a balance between personal privacy and the legal framework that governs public safety or justice.

In contrast, marketing purposes, disclosures to professionals like lawyers, or situations involving unresponsive individuals do not legally justify such disclosures without consent. Marketing often requires explicit consent, while professional confidentiality and individual responsiveness do not override privacy laws that protect personal information.